| The Accusative case
was generally used by the Romans to indicate the direct object
of a transitive verb, otherwise known as the person or thing
which is directly effected by the action of the verb. |
| |
| It may also be used
with certain prepositions (much like the
ablative case). |
| |
| Uses of the Accusative |
|
| The Direct
Object |
| The Accusative is used to denote the person or
thing affected by the action of the verb or the result produced
by the action. |
| redi |
| Double
Accusatives |
| Verbs of making, choosing, calling, showing,
etc. take two accusatives: one of the person or thing affected
and the other a predicate accusative. |
| |
| |
Ego discipulōs linguam Latīnam
doceō. |
| |
| Some other verbs take two accusatives: one of
the person affected and the other of the result produced. |
| redi |
| Accusative
of Respect or Specification/Synecdochical Accusative |
| Denotes the part to which an action or
quality refers. |
| |
| |
Rumpitque hanc pectore vocem. |
| redi |
| Accusative
of Time and Space |
| Duration of Time |
| |
Caesar Rōmae duōs annōs mānserat. |
| Extent of Space |
| |
Saluit sēx pedēs. |
| redi |
| Accusative
of Limit of Motion |
| |
Rōmam vēnī. |
| |
domum revertitur |
| redi |
| Accusative
in Exclamations |
| |
Ō mē miserum! |
| |
Ō fallācem spem! |
| redi |
| Accusative
as Subject of Infinitives |
| Indirect Statement in Latin consists of two parts:
1) the verb of saying or speaking such as ait, dīcō,
negō |
| |
dīcō Tulliam errāre. |
| redi |
| Adverbial Accusative |
| |
id temporis. |
| |
id (quod) genus. |
| |
meam vicem. |
| |
et scelus expendisse merentem Laocoonta ferunt. |
| redi |
| Causal
Accusative |
| with "ad" plus the gerund or gerundive
to show purpose. |
| |
In bibliothēca sedēmus ad legendum. |
| redi |
| Prepositions
that take the Accusative |
| ad
– to, toward |
| adversus
– against |
| adversum
– toward, against |
| ante
– before, in front of |
| apud
– at, among, with, near; at the house of
|
|
circiter – about |
| circum
– around |
| cis-
this side of |
| citrā
– this side of |
| contrā
– against |
| ergā – toward |
|
| extrā
– outside |
| *in
- into, onto, to, towards |
| īnfrā
– below |
| inter
– between |
| intrā
– within |
| jūxtā
– near |
| ob
– on account of |
| penes
– in the hands of |
| per
– through |
| pōne
– behind |
| post
- after, behind |
|
| praeter
– past |
| prope
– near |
| propter
– on account of, because of |
| secundum
- after |
| *sub
– under |
| *subter
– beneath |
| *super
– over |
| suprā
– above |
| trāns
– across, on the other side of |
| ultrā
– beyond |
| versus
– toward |
|
|
|
| *words take both the ablative and accusative
cases |
| redi |
