Magister Linguae Latinae
last updated

Tuesday, May 31, 2005
 

The Declensions
 
The First Declension Adjectives of the Third Declension

The Second Declension

 Unus Nauta Adjectives
The Third Declension Demonstrative Pronouns
The Third Declension -i Stems Personal Pronouns
The Fourth Declension Reflexive Pronouns
The Fifth Declension The Relative Pronoun
Numerals Interrogative Pronouns
First and Second Declension Adjectives Irregular Declensions
First and Second Declensions Adjectives in -er Declension of Participles
The First Declension
Gender
porta, portae, f. - gate    
Sing.   Case Endings  
Nom. porta -a the/a gate
Gen. portae -ae of the gate
Dat. portae -ae to or for the gate
Acc. portam -am the gate
Abl. portā -ā with, from, by the gate
Voc. porta -a Oh Gate!
Plur.      
Nom. portae -ae the gates
Gen. portārum -ārum of the gates
Dat. portīs -īs to or for the gates
Acc. portās -ās the gates
Abl. portīs -īs with, from, by the gates
Voc. portae -ae Oh Gates!
The Second Declension
Gender
hortus, hortī, m. - garden bellum, bellī, n. - war
Sing.   Masculine Case Endings   Neuter Case Endings
Nom. hortus -us or nothing bellum -um
Gen. hortī -ī bellī -ī
Dat. hortō -ō bellō -ō
Acc. hortum -um bellum -um
Abl. hortō -ō bellō -ō
Voc. horte -e bellum -um
Plur.        
Nom. hortī -ī bella -a
Gen. hortōrum -ōrum bellōrum -ōrum
Dat. hortīs -īs bellīs -īs
Acc. hortōs -ōs bella -a
Abl. hortīs -īs bellīs -īs
Voc. hortī -ī bella -a
vir, virī, m. - man, husband ager, agrī, m. - field
Sing.       Masculine Case Endings
Nom. vir   ager -us or nothing
Gen. virī   agrī -ī
Dat. virō   agrō -ō
Acc. virum   agrum -um
Abl. virō   agrō -ō
Voc. vir   ager -e
Plur.        
Nom. virī   agrī -ī
Gen. virōrum   agrōrum -ōrum
Dat. virīs   agrīs -īs
Acc. virōs   agrōs -ōs
Abl. virīs   agrīs -īs
Voc. virī   agrī -ī
The Third Declension
Gender
dux, ducis, m. - leader prīnceps, prīncipis, m. - chief
Sing.     Masculine/Feminine Case Endings
Nom. dux prīnceps -s or nothing
Gen. ducis prīncipis -is
Dat. ducī prīncipī -ī
Acc. ducem prīncipem -em
Abl. duce prīncipe -e
Voc. dux prīnceps -s or nothing
Plur.      
Nom. ducēs prīncipēs -ēs
Gen. ducum prīncipum -um
Dat. ducibus prīncipibus -ibus
Acc. ducēs prīncipēs -ēs
Abl. ducibus prīncipibus -ibus
Voc. ducēs prīncipēs -ēs
mīles, mīlitis, m. - soldier vigil, vigilis, m. - watchman
Sing.     Masculine Case Endings
Nom. mīles vigil -s or nothing
Gen. mīlitis vigilis -is
Dat. mīlitī vigilī -ī
Acc. mīlitem vigilem -em
Abl. mīlite vigile -e
Voc. mīles vigil -s or nothing
Plur.      
Nom. mīlitēs vigilēs -ēs
Gen. mīlitum vigilum -um
Dat. mīlitibus vigilibus -ibus
Acc. mīlitēs vigilēs -ēs
Abl. mīlitibus vigilibus -ibus
Voc. mīlitēs vigilēs -ēs
corpus, corporis, n. - body, person, self virtūs, virtūtis, f. - merit, worth, manliness, virtue, character
Sing.    
Nom. corpus virtūs
Gen. corporis virtūtis
Dat. corporī virtūtī
Acc. corpus virtūtem
Abl. corpore virtūte
Voc. corpus virtūs
Plur.    
Nom. corpora virtūtēs
Gen. corporum virtūtium
Dat. corporibus virtūtibus
Acc. corpora virtūtēs
Abl. corporibus virtūtibus
Voc. corpora virtūtēs
The Third Declension -i stems
Gender 
cīvis, cīvis, m. - citizen nūbēs, nūbis, f. - cloud
Sing.     Masculine/Feminine Case Endings
Nom. cīvis nūbēs -s or nothing
Gen. cīvis nūbis -is
Dat. cīvī nūbī -ī
Acc. cīvem nūbem -em
Abl. cīve nūbe -e
Voc. cīvis nūbēs -s or nothing
Plur.      
Nom. cīvēs nūbēs -ēs
Gen. cīvium nūbium -ium
Dat. cīvibus nūbibus -ibus
Acc. cīvēs nūbēs -ēs
Abl. cīvibus nūbibus -ibus
Voc. cīvēs nūbēs -ēs
urbs. urbis, f. - city mare, maris, n. - sea
Sing.     Neuter Case Endings
Nom. urbs mare -s or nothing
Gen. urbis maris -is
Dat. urbī marī -ī
Acc. urbem mare -e
Abl. urbe marī -ī
Voc. urbs mare -s or nothing
Plur.      
Nom. urbēs maria -ia
Gen. urbium marium -ium
Dat. urbibus maribus -ibus
Acc. urbēs maria -ia
Abl. urbibus maribus -ibus
Voc. urbēs maria -ia
The Fourth Declension
Gender
metus, metūs, m. - fear, dread, anxiety manus, manūs, f. - hand
Sing.     Masculine/Feminine Case Endings
Nom. metus manus -us
Gen. metūs manūs -ūs
Dat. metuī manuī -uī
Acc. metum manum -um
Abl. metū manū -ū
Voc. metus manus -us
Plur.      
Nom. metūs manūs -ūs
Gen. metuum manuum -uum
Dat. metibus manibus -ibus
Acc. metūs manūs -ūs
Abl. metibus manibus -ibus
Voc. metūs manūs -ūs
sēnsus, sēnsūs, m. - feeling, sense cornū, cornūs, n. - horn
Sing.     Neuter Case Endings
Nom. sēnsus cornū -ū
Gen. sēnsūs cornūs -ūs
Dat. sēnsuī cornū -ū
Acc. sēnsum cornū -ū
Abl. sēnsū cornū -ū
Voc. sēnsus cornū -ū
Plur.      
Nom. sēnsūs cornua -ua
Gen. sēnsuum cornuum -uum
Dat. sēnsibus cornibus -ibus
Acc. sēnsūs cornua -ua
Abl. sēnsibus cornibus -ibus
Voc. sēnsūs cornua -ua
The Fifth Declension
Gender
rēs, reī, f. - thing, matter, affair diēs, diēī m. - day
Sing.     Case Endings
Nom. rēs diēs -ēs
Gen. reī diēī -eī, -ēī
Dat. reī diēī - eī, -ēī
Acc. rem diem -em
Abl. rē diē -ē
Voc. rēs diēs -ēs
Plur.      
Nom. rēs diēs -ēs
Gen. rērum diērum -ērum
Dat. rēbus diēbus -ēbus
Acc. rēs diēs -ēs
Abl. rēbus diēbus -ēbus
Voc. rēs diēs -ēs
The Numerals
Gender
Unus, una, unum is declined below along with the other Unus Nauta Adjectives.
  duo - two    
Plural M. F. N.
Nom. duo duae duo
Gen. duōrum duārum duōrum
Dat. duōbus duābus duōbus
Acc. duōs duās duo
Abl. duōbus duābus duōbus
  trēs - three  
Plural M. & F. N.
Nom. trēs tria
Gen. trium trium
Dat. tribus tribus
Acc. trēs tria
Abl. tribus tribus
  mīlle- thousand mīlia- thousands
Plural M., F., N. N.
Nom. mīlle mīlia
Gen. mīlle mīlium
Dat. mīlle mīlibus
Acc. mīlle mīlia
Abl. mīlle mīlibus
First and Second Declension Adjectives
Gender
magnus, magna, magnum - great, large; powerful; big; tall; long; broad; spacious
Sing. M. F. N.
Nom. magnus magna magnum
Gen. magnī magnae magnī
Dat. magnō magnae magnō
Acc. magnum magnam magnum
Abl. magnō magnā magnō
Voc. magne magna magnum
Plur.      
Nom. magnī magnae magna
Gen. magnōrum magnārum magnōrum
Dat. magnīs magnīs magnīs
Acc. magnōs magnās magna
Abl. magnīs magnīs magnīs
Voc. magnī magnae magna
First and Second Declension Adjectives in -er
Gender
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum - beautiful  
Sing. M. F. N.
Nom. pulcher pulchra pulchrum
Gen. pulchrī pulchrae pulchrī
Dat. pulchrō pulchrae pulchrō
Acc. pulchrum pulchram pulchrum
Abl. pulchrō pulchrā pulchrō
Voc. pulcher pulchra pulchrum
Plur.      
Nom. pulchrī pulchrae pulchra
Gen. pulchrōrum pulchrārum pulchrōrum
Dat. pulchrīs pulchrīs pulchrīs
Acc. pulchrōs pulchrās pulchra
Abl. pulchrīs pulchrīs pulchrīs
Voc. pulchrī pulchrae pulchra
The Adjectives of the Third Declension
The adjectives of the Third Declension come in 3 types: those with three terminations, two terminations and one termination
Adjectives of the Third Declension with Three Terminations 
ācer, ācris, ācre - kean, severe, fierce
Sing. M. F. N.
Nom. ācer ācris ācre
Gen. ācris ācris ācris
Dat. ācrī ācrī ācrī
Acc. ācrem ācrem ācre
Abl. ācrī ācrī ācrī
Voc. ācer ācris ācre
Plur.      
Nom. ācrēs ācrēs ācria
Gen. ācrium ācrium ācrium
Dat. ācribus ācribus ācribus
Acc. ācrēs ācrēs ācria
Abl. ācribus ācribus ācribus
Voc. ācrēs ācrēs ācria
Adjectives of the Third Declension with Two Terminations
fortis, forte - strong, brave
Sing. M. & F. N.
Nom. fortis forte
Gen. fortis fortis
Dat. fortī fortī
Acc. fortem forte
Abl. fortī fortī
Voc. fortis forte
Plur.    
Nom. fortēs fortia
Gen. fortium fortium
Dat. fortibus fortibus
Acc. fortēs fortia
Abl. fortibus fortibus
Voc. fortēs fortia

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Adjectives of the Third Declension with One Termination
potēns, potentis (genitive) - powerful (notice the same Nom. sing. form, differing only in the Acc. sg. and Nom./Acc. and Voc. pl. forms)
Sing. M. & F. N.
Nom. potēns potēns
Gen. potentis potentis
Dat. potentī potentī
Acc. potentem potēns
Abl. potentī potentī
Voc. potentis potente
Plur.    
Nom. potentēs potentia
Gen. potentium potentium
Dat. potentibus potentibus
Acc. potentēs potentia
Abl. potentibus potentibus
Voc. potentēs potentia

UNUS NAUTA Adjectives
Ūnus, ūna, ūnum
Nūllus, nūlla, nūllum
Ūllus, ūlla, ūllum
Sōlus, sōla, sōlum

Neuter, neutra, neutrum
Alius, alia, alium
Uter, utra, utrum
Tōtus, tōta, tōtum
Alter, altera, alterum
uter, utra, utrum - either, which (of two)  
Sing.      
Nom. uter utra utrum
Gen. utrīus utrīus utrīus
Dat. utrī utrī utrī
Acc. utrum utram utrum
Abl. utrō utrā utrō
Voc. uter utra utrum
Plur.      
Nom. utrī utrae utra
Gen. utrōrum utrārum utrōrum
Dat. utrīs utrīs utrīs
Acc. utrōs utrās utra
Abl. utrīs utrīs utrīs
Voc. utrī utrae utra
All of the Unus Nauta Adjectives decline like this except for Alius, alia, alium, which declines its genitive singular as if it were Alter, altera, alterum:
alius, alia, aliud - another, other
Sing.      
Nom. alius alia aliud
Gen. alterīus alterīus alterīus
Dat. aliī aliī aliī
Acc. alium aliam aliud
Abl. aliō aliā aliō
Voc. alius alia aliud
Plur.      
Nom. aliī aliae alia
Gen. aliōrum aliārum aliōrum
Dat. aliīs aliīs aliīs
Acc. aliōs aliās alia
Abl. aliīs aliīs aliīs
Voc. aliī aliae alia

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The Demonstrative Pronouns
hic, haec, hoc - this, these
Sing.      
Nom. hic haec hoc
Gen. huius huius huius
Dat. huic huic huic
Acc. hunc hanc hoc
Abl. hōc hāc hōc
Voc. hic haec hoc
Plur.      
Nom. hī hae haec
Gen. hōrum hārum hōrum
Dat. hīs hīs hīs
Acc. hōs hās haec
Abl. hīs hīs hīs
Voc. hī hae haec
ille, illa, illud - that, those (iste, ista, istud - that, that of yours, such declines like this)
Sing.      
Nom. ille illa illud
Gen. illīus illīus illīus
Dat. illī illī illī
Acc. illum illam illud
Abl. illō illā illō
Voc. ille illa illud
Plur.      
Nom. illī illae illa
Gen. illōrum illārum illōrum
Dat. illīs illīs illīs
Acc. illōs illās illa
Abl. illīs illīs illīs
Voc. illī illae illa
īdem, eadem, idem - the same  
Sing.      
Nom. īdem eadem idem
Gen. eiusdem eiusdem eiusdem
Dat. eīdem eīdem eīdem
Acc. eundem eandem idem
Abl. eōdem eādem eōdem
Voc. īdem eadem idem
Plur.      
Nom. eīdem, iīdem eaedem eadem
Gen. eōrundem eārundem eōrundem
Dat. eīsdem eīsdem eīsdem
Acc. eōsdem eāsdem eadem
Abl. eīsdem eīsdem eīsdem
Voc. eīdem, iīdem eaedem eadem
The Personal Pronouns
  ego - I, me tū - you
Sing.    
Nom. ego tū
Gen. meī tuī
Dat. mihi tibi
Acc. mē tē
Abl. mē tē
Voc. ego tū
Plur. nōs- we vōs- you (ya'll)
Nom. nōs vōs
Gen. nostrum/nostrī vestrum/vestrī
Dat. nōbīs vōbīs
Acc. nōs vōs
Abl. nōbīs vōbīs
Voc. nōs vōs
  is, ea, id - he she it; this, that
Sing.      
Nom. is ea id
Gen. eius eius eius
Dat. eī eī eī
Acc. eum eam id
Abl. eō eā eō
Voc. is ea id
Plur.      
Nom. eī, iī eae ea
Gen. eōrum eārum eōrum
Dat. eīs eīs eīs
Acc. eōs eās ea
Abl. eīs eīs eīs
Voc. eī, iī eae ea
The Reflexive Pronouns
  meī - of myself tuī - of yourself suī- of himself, herself, itself
Sing.      
Nom. ------------ ------------ ------------
Gen. meī tuī suī
Dat. mihi tibi sibi
Acc. mē tē sē
Abl. mē tē sē
Voc. ------------ ------------ ------------
Plur. nostrī- of ourselves vestrī- of yourselves  
Nom. ------------ ------------ ------------
Gen. nostrum/nostrī vestrum/vestrī suī
Dat. nōbīs vōbīs sibi
Acc. nōs vōs sē
Abl. nōbīs vōbīs sē
Voc. ------------ ------------ ------------
The Relative Pronoun (also the Interrogative Adjective)
  quī, quae, quod - who, which, that
Sing.      
Nom. quī quae quod
Gen. cuius cuius cuius
Dat. cuī cuī cuī
Acc. quem quam quod
Abl. quō quā quō
Voc. quī quae quod
Plur.      
Nom. quī quae quae
Gen. quōrum quārum quōrum
Dat. quibus quibus quibus
Acc. quōs quās quae
Abl. quibus quibus quibus
Voc. quī quae quae
The Interrogative Pronoun
Notice the differences with the Relative Pronoun
  quis, quid - who?, whose?, whom?, which?, what?
Sing.      
Nom. quis quis quid
Gen. cuius cuius cuius
Dat. cuī cuī cuī
Acc. quem quem quid
Abl. quō quō quō
Voc. quis quis quod
Plur.      
Nom. quī quae quae
Gen. quōrum quārum quōrum
Dat. quibus quibus quibus
Acc. quōs quās quae
Abl. quibus quibus quibus
Voc. quī quae quae
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