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Latin Gender
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| The First Declension |
| These nouns end in -a and are generally feminine. |
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There are
exceptions such as nauta (sailor) and poeta (poet)
which are masculine, but their gender is typically clear
since they were typically male professions in Roman times.
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| Some proper nouns such as Hadria (the
Adriatic Sea) and a few praenomens and nomens such as Mūrēna,
Dolābella, and Scaevola are also masculine. |
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| The Second Declension |
| The nouns ending in -us (-os), -ir,
and -er are generally masculine, and the nouns
ending in -um (-on) are neuter. |
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| There are exceptions such as the names
of plants and gems and also several other items such as alvus (belly), carbasus (linen), colus (distaff), humus (ground),
and vannus (winnowing-shovel) which are feminine. |
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| Some town and country names end in -us and -os such
as Aegyptus (Egypt) and Corinthus (Corinth) and
are feminine. |
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| Some neuter words end in -us such
as pelagus (sea), vīrus (venom) and vulgus (the
rabble). |
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| The Third Declension |
| These nouns may end in -a, -e, -ī, -ō, -y, -c, -l, -n, -r, -s, -t, -x. |
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| Those whose stems end in -l (though
sāl [salt] and sīl [ochre] are neuter), are
generally masculine. |
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| The nouns
whose stems end in -ll or -on are neuter. |
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| Words ending in -or, -ōris (except arbor,
arboris, f.) are generally masculine. |
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| Words ending in -tās, -tātis;
-tūs, -tūtis; -tūdō, -tūdinis; -tiō,
-tiōnis are generally feminine. |
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| Words ending in -us, -oris; -us, -eris;
-e; -al; -ar are generally neuter. |
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| The Third Declension -i Stems |
| The nouns ending in -is or -ēs and
having the same number of syllables in the nominative and genitive
singular are generally masculine and feminine -i
stems |
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| hostis, hostis, m. - enemy |
nāvis, nāvis, f. - ship |
mōlēs, mōlis, f. mass,
structure |
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| Those masculine and (chiefly) feminine nouns
which have a nominative singular ending in -s or -x,
and a base ending in two consonants are -i stems. |
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| ars, artis, f. - art, skill |
nox, noctis, f. - night |
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| Those neuter nouns ending in -al, -ar,
and -e are -i stems. |
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| animal, animālis, n. - animal |
exemplar. exemplāris, n. -
example |
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The
Fourth Declension
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| The nouns ending in -us with a genitive
in -ūs are typically masculine, though there
are feminine examples such as manus, manūs, f. -
hand. |
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| Neuter nouns end in -ū. |
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| The Fifth Declension |
| The nouns of the fifth declension ending
in -ēs with a genitive
in either -eī or -ēī are
all feminine except for diēs,
diēī m. - day |
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